The Missing Link: Yoga & Neuroscience

This weekend, I found the “missing link.” As part of LMU’s Masters in Yoga Studies curriculum, there is a pre/co-requisite to enroll in one of several certificate programs. I was excited to enroll in the pilot year of “Yoga, Mindfulness and Social Change,” which features renowned speakers from all over the country with varying expertise within the field. This weekend’s topic was “Yoga & Neuroscience,” and although I’ve always been intrigued (perhaps hereditarily) by psychology and sociology, I was taken aback and truly blown away by the evidence modern neuroscience provides of the true benefits of yoga.

As you might remember, my hope and mission in this program is to discern the socioeconomic benefits of yoga, within a global context. This interest came about through years of courses and hands-on experience in sociology, communications, media relations, cultural studies and international affairs, through which I developed a deep-seated interest in what makes people think the way they do – both as individuals, and as a collective society. Academically speaking, my pursuit is an exploration of individual ideological formation (aka consciousness), as well as of institutionalized methodologies of ideological pervasion. While in college, I was blessed with unique opportunities: to study the pervasion of local culture through public and mainstream media in Australia; to explore (and publish a manuscript on) gender disparity in Latin America as it relates to pervading machismo attitudes and state-controlled transmission of democratic ideals (see “About Me”); and, after college, to work for several years in politics and government affairs for non-profit and private, small and large organizations – to better understand what makes us and others, especially those in “power,” think the way they do. And, (surprisingly to me as well) this journey has led me to yoga studies. Mounting evidence supports my personal belief that yoga, over all other modalities, has the greatest potential to positively reform individual and collective ideology – thereby helping us live happily and helping communities live peacefully, everywhere. Imagine that.

This weekend, I attended two five-hour lectures on “Yoga & Neuroscience” by leading neuroscientists in consciousness formation (see “Lecture Credit” below), and soon found that scientific evidence already supports that yoga, meditation and mindfulness practices stimulate and even grow the part of the brain responsible for processing feelings of compassion, empathy, altruism, interconnectedness and happiness – otherwise known as the “neocortex.” Specifically, I learned that practices such as yoga and meditation, as well as Tai Chi and nature activities, help stimulate the brain’s neuroplasticity, or its capability to grow and reshape itself through the movement and connection of neurons. (More simply, neuroplasticity states that the brain is not a fixed form, but is in fact adaptable.) As a result, these practices in particular have been proven to expand and increase activation of the neocortex and overall brain capacity, as well as physically enlarge areas that promote feelings of empathy, compassion and altruism – collectively called our “emphatic response.”

However nice this all sounds, it may feel a bit displaced, as our society currently embodies a paradigm – or pervading ideology – which disproportionately emphasizes the “reptilian” brain, or the part of the brain responsible for primal instincts, basic survival needs, ego and competition, rather than cooperation. Many practitioners and professionals (and scientists) who have been imparted with this knowledge also believe that we [the human race] are in the midst of an evolutionary shift towards global cooperation. More candidly, they articulate a resounding belief that mankind must either learn to cooperate and live harmoniously with one another and with Nature, or fall victim to the harsh realities of disconnectivity and competition (i.e. global warming) for generations to come. As such, we notice widespread discontentment and rebellion in the form of protests, political stalemate and corruption, and civil war around the world and in the States, at levels unprecedented since the last major paradigm shift occurred in the 17th century (following the Industrial Revolution). It’s worthy to note my own belief on this issue is still evolving as I gather more information, and I encourage you also to ask the hard questions and think critically about this and all information you hear about the future of our planet. But, I do believe strongly in the agency and power of individuals to incite change in themselves, and in the world around them; be it on Capitol Hill, in the classroom, or on their yoga mat. And I hope to continue to explore the empirical evidence available now, and that yet to be discovered, which enables us to better understand how yoga, meditation and mindfulness practices benefit you and me, and (why not…) the rest of the world.

On that note, I’d like to dedicate a thought (or several) in recognition and gratitude of Mother Nature and the vast resources and opportunities she provides us: as humans, as Westerners, as yogis, as wilderness explorers, or from whatever perspective most resonates with you. It can be something as simple as a sunset, or as vast as the algorithms of consciousness and science we seek to understand. In solidarity, give thanks!

Peace – Shalom – Om Shanti,

Amy

Videos to Watch:

The Empathic Civilisation (10 minutes: 30 seconds)

How Meditation Works: For Beginners (2 minutes: 50 seconds)

Lecture Credit:

Dr. Jay Kumar (9/27/14)

Dr. Louis Cozolino (9/28/14)

Photo Credit:

Sunrise in the Outback, Alice Springs, Australia (Personal Photo, July 2009)

The Science of Sitting

When you hear the word “meditation,” what do you imagine? A group of Buddhist monks in temple, chanting and burning incense. A flashback to Woodstock with a field full of hippies sitting silently, listening intently to their guru (or spiritual teacher). Or, if you’re a bit more familiar, you might imagine an individual much like yourself sitting perfectly erect with each thumb and pointer finger touching together in the quintessential “Om mudra.” All of these images are valid representations of meditation. But if you’re like me, these vague portrayals are hardly enough to motivate you to adopt a daily practice, or to spend $200 on a five series class explaining what the point of all this is anyway. Experimenting on your own, or trying out a few YouTube tutorials is an option. But if you’ve tried, you’ve likely found that after two minutes – which feels more like twenty – your mind is in a million places, you’re restless, achy, and aggravated. Enter the oh so popular excuse – and one I’ve previously exhausted myself:

 “I can’t sit still long enough/my mind is too busy/I don’t have enough time to meditate!”

Well perhaps, it might be helpful to know the “why” first. You know meditation is good for you. The highly popularized benefits of relaxation and mental clarity are certainly enticing enough. And even corporate leaders like Oprah Winfrey and Rupert Murdoch vouch that meditation is useful for stress management and good decision-making. (Check it out here.) But how do you get there? And what is this all about, really? The answers to these questions have helped motivate my meditation practice and changed my perspective on yoga. Here’s what they don’t tell you, that I hope will help you along the way…

Yoga is an ancient practice, arguably dating back to 300 B.C., which has been passed down throughout history by way of individual, one on one instruction with a guru. Yoga’s classical definition is simply “the science of the mind” consisting of eight limbs of yoga intended to guide your path to enlightenment, or self-realization. The third of these eight limbs is “asana,” or a series of physical sequenced postures generally referred to as “yoga.” Ancient yogic texts insist that the other seven limbs are the most important steps to experiencing the full benefits of yoga. However, asana practice is intended to prepare you for the process of self-analysis and centeredness, by helping us clear the mind and prepare the body for long periods of stillness. (Savasana, anyone?)

When you leave a yoga class, you’ve likely felt what I fondly refer to as the yoga high. It’s a mental and physical buzz, or internal vibration, which leaves us feeling clear-headed, relaxed, and (relatively) stress-free. A former boss of mine who occasionally practiced yoga, used to joke: “If you want anything from me, just ask me after yoga class!” What you’re experiencing is a meditative state, and when you practice more frequently, this sensation lasts longer. While few ever complain about their post-practice buzz, this is also the reason why yoga is often associated with free-loving cluelessness and detachment from reality, which threatens its credibility and relevance as a useful everyday practice. (Revisit 1960’s Woodstock for a moment, and you’ll see what I mean.)

Although I’m not a scientist, I believe learning the mechanics of what’s happening during meditation is key to understanding, and thereby motivating our practice. My method of learning has always been: don’t ask me to do something until I fully understand why I’m doing it. (Sorry Mr. Murphy, the Pythagorean theorem just wasn’t happening…) But if you’ve ever wondered “why meditation?,” learning a bit of the science behind the practice is a great place to start.

Looking to science, specifically quantum physics, we know that all solid objects are composed of molecules, or a group of atoms which are uniquely formed to create physical matter and are perpetually in a state of subtle movement. Through meditation and asana practice, we are stimulating the vibration of our own molecular composition. When thinking of yoga, it might be helpful to think of body, mind, and spirit, and consider “spirit” to be the energy inherent to your molecular composition. Asana practice and conscious breath work (or pranayama) get this energy moving. Simultaneously, you are clearing the mind of restless thoughts by focusing your full attention on your breath and bodily alignment. (If you’ve tried Triangle pose for any length of time, you know that this process alone is a feat! Don’t get frustrated, you’re not alone. Practice makes perfect!) And while stretching deeply into postures like Warrior II or Pigeon pose, you are preparing your body to sit comfortably in meditation, a.k.a. Criss-cross applesauce or Lotus pose. Once these three things – body, mind and “spirit” – are in sync, then you experience real yoga and the benefits of the practice begin to take shape. In fact, the word “yoga” means “union” in Sanskrit, and represents this very process of convergence.

So, in understanding the why, we shouldn’t be concerned with quantum physics on our mats. Rather, applying the “why” to your practice is as simple as remembering your last yoga high and striving to reach it again and again. Then, try sitting in this stillness. Over time, you will learn to get there faster and stay there longer – using asana (physical practice), pranayama (conscious breathing), and even mantra (chanting) as different means to get you there. There is no right or wrong way, and every day will be different. But by playing with these techniques (have fun!) and challenging yourself to return to focus on your breath or alignment, the true benefits of yoga will unfold for you. Why? Because the science is there.

And I’m always here to answer your questions along the way.

Sending you good vibes! xx

Amy